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gatsby-plugin-next test

Gatsby plugin for incremental migration to Next.js by polyfilling Next.js APIs.

Highlights

Install

$ npm install --save-dev gatsby-plugin-next

Usage

Add gatsby-plugin-next to gatsby-config.js:

module.exports = {
	plugins: [
+		'gatsby-plugin-next'
	]
};

API

next/head

Append elements to <head> of the page.

How to migrate:

// Before
import { Helmet } from "react-helmet";

export default function MyPage() {
	return (
		<Helmet>
			<title>This is my website</title>
		</Helmet>
	);
}

// After
import Head from "next/head";

export default function MyPage() {
	return (
		<Head>
			<title>This is my website</title>
		</Head>
	);
}

Learn more in Next.js documentation.

Navigate between pages without triggering a full page reload.

Note: This component doesn’t prefetch the next page on hover, because it doesn’t use Gatsby’s Link component and Gatsby doesn’t expose an API to trigger prefetching.

href

Type: string or UrlObject.

import Link from "next/link";

export default function MyPage() {
	return (
		<Link href="/my/other/page">
			<a>Go to my other page</a>
		</Link>
	);
}

replace

Type: boolean
Default: false

Replace the current history state instead of adding a new url into the stack.

import Link from "next/link";

export default function MyPage() {
	return (
		<Link href="/my/other/page" replace>
			<a>Replace this page with the other one</a>
		</Link>
	);
}

How to migrate:

// Before
import { Link } from "gatsby";

export default function MyPage() {
	return <Link to="/my/other/page">Go to my other page</Link>;
}

// After
import Link from "next/link";

export default function MyPage() {
	return <Link href="/my/other/page">
		<a>Go to my other page</a>
	</Link>;
}

Learn more in Next.js documentation.

next/router

useRouter

React hook that returns a router object.

import { useRouter } from "next/router";

export default function MyPage() {
	const router = useRouter();

	return <button onClick={() => router.push("/other/page")}>Push me</button>;
}

How to migrate:

// Before
import { navigate } from "gatsby";
import { useLocation } from "@reach/router";

export default function MyPage() {
	const location = useLocation();

	// Get current pathname
	const pathname = location.pathname;

	// Get query object
	const query = new URLSearchParams(location.search);

	// Navigate programmatically
	const goToOtherPage = () => {
		navigate("/other/page");
	};

	// Navigate programmatically without adding a new history entry
	const replaceWithOtherPage = () => {
		navigate("/other/page", { replace: true });
	};

	return <SomeComponents />;
};

// After
import { useRouter } from "next/router";

export default function MyPage() {
	const router = useRouter();

	// Get current pathname
	const pathname = router.asPath;

	// Get query object
	const query = router.query;

	// Navigate programmatically
	const goToOtherPage = () => {
		router.push("/other/page");
	};

	// Navigate programmatically without adding a new history entry
	const replaceWithOtherPage = () => {
		router.replace("/other/page");
	};

	return <SomeComponents />;
};

Learn more in Next.js documentation.

router object

asPath

The path (including the query and a hash) shown in the browser.

const router = useRouter();
router.asPath; //=> /my/page
query

The query string parsed to an object.

const router = useRouter();
router.query; //=> { "queryParameter": "hello" }
push(url)

Navigate to a page.

url

Type: string or UrlObject.

const router = useRouter();

// String
router.push("/my/page");

// URL object
router.push({
	pathname: "/my/page",
});
replace(url)

Navigate to page without adding a new URL entry into the history stack.

API is the same as push.

back()

Navigate back in history.

const router = useRouter();
router.back();
reload()

Reload the current URL.

const router = useRouter();
router.reload();

Learn more in Next.js documentation.

withRouter

Returns Higher-Order-Component that injects a router object as a prop.

import React from "react";
import { withRouter } from "next/router";

class MyPage extends React.Component {
	render() {
		const { router } = this.props;

		return <p>{router.pathname}</p>;
	}
}

export default withRouter(MyPage);

Learn more in Next.js documentation.

TypeScript

next/router exposes NextRouter type in case you need to use withRouter in a TypeScript codebase.

import { withRouter, NextRouter } from "next/router";

interface WithRouterProps {
	router: NextRouter;
}

interface MyComponentProps extends WithRouterProps {}

class MyPage extends React.Component<MyComponentProps> {
	render() {
		const { router } = this.props;

		return <p>{router.pathname}</p>;
	}
}

export default withRouter(MyPage);

Learn more in Next.js documentation.

next/script

Load external scripts that aren’t compiled as part of your bundle.

src

Type: string

A path string specifying the URL of an external script. This can be either an absolute external URL or an internal path.

strategy

Type: string
Default: afterInteractive

The loading strategy of the script.

  • beforeInteractive - Load script before the page becomes interactive by injecting it into <head> during SSR.
  • afterInteractive - Load script immediately after the page becomes interactive.
  • lazyOnload - Load script during browser idle time.

onLoad

Type: function

Callback, which is executed after script is loaded.

Note: It can’t be used with beforeInteractive strategy.

onError

Type: function

Callback, which is executed when script has failed to load.

Note: It can’t be used with beforeInteractive strategy.

import Script from "next/script";

export default function MyPage() {
	return (
		<>
			<Script src="/external-script.js" />
			<Script
				src="https://plausible.io/js/script.js"
				data-domain="mydomain.com"
			/>
		</>
	);
}

Learn more in Next.js documentation.

Data Fetching

This plugin lets you incrementally migrate data fetching from Gatsby APIs to Next.js ones. All pages in src/next-pages directory (you need to create it yourself) can use Next.js APIs like getStaticProps to fetch data, while pages in src/pages will continue to fetch data via Gatsby’s GraphQL layer. Files in src/next-pages use Next.js-style routing, like [id].js, with support for nested routes like deeply/nested/posts/[id].js.

Each page in src/next-pages requires two files:

  • posts.js - Exports a React component to render the page.
  • posts.data.js - Exports getStaticProps to fetch the data, which will be passed to component exported from posts.js.

For example:

posts.js

import React from "react";
import Link from "next/link";

export default function Posts({ pageContext: { posts } }) {
	return (
		<ul>
			{posts.map((post) => (
				<li key={post.id}>
					<Link href={`/posts/${post.id}`}>
						<a>{post.title}</a>
					</Link>
				</li>
			))}
		</ul>
	);
}

Note: When you will switch to the actual Next.js, don’t forget to remove pageContext, as this is a variable specific to Gatsby.

-export default function Posts({ pageContext: { posts } }) {
+export default function Posts({ posts }) {

posts.data.js

import fetch from "node-fetch";

export async function getStaticProps() {
	const response = await fetch("https://my-headless-cms.com/posts");
	const posts = await response.json();
	//=> [{ "id": 1, "title": "Post title", "body": "..." }, ...]

	return {
		props: { posts },
	};
}

With the files above, Gatsby will generate /posts page with a list of posts from getStaticProps function. You can fetch data in any way you need, since it’s just a regular function executed at build-time.

Now we need to add a page for displaying each post by creating a /posts/[id] route:

src/next-pages/
	- posts.js
	- posts.data.js
+	- posts/
+		- [id].js
+		- [id].data.js

[id].js

import React from "react";

export default function Post({ pageContext: { post } }) {
	return (
		<div>
			<h1>{post.title}</h1>
			<p>{post.body}</p>
		</div>
	);
}

Since we need to generate pages for all posts at build-time, we can use getStaticPaths function for providing a list of parameters to generate this page for. Then, getStaticProps function will be executed for each set of parameters and generate a separate page. For example, /posts/1, /posts/2 and so on.

[id.data.js]

import fetch from "node-fetch";

export async function getStaticPaths() {
	const response = await fetch("https://my-headless-cms.com/posts");
	const posts = await response.json();

	return {
		paths: posts.map((post) => ({
			id: post.id,
		})),
	};
}

export async function getStaticProps({ params }) {
	const response = await fetch(
		`https://my-headless-cms.com/posts/${params.id}`,
	);

	const post = await response.json();

	return {
		props: { post },
	};
}

Done!

When you’ve migrated all data fetching to these APIs and you’re ready to switch to Next.js:

  1. Move all files in src/next-pages into pages directory used by Next.js (src/pages is also supported).
  2. Move all code from *.data.js files into pages themselves.
  3. Delete src/next-pages.

Congratulations, you’re running Next.js now.

API

getStaticPaths()

Define this function when page has dynamic segments (e.g. [id].js) and return a list of parameters for each page.

export async function getStaticPaths() {
	return {
		paths: [
			{
				params: { id: 1 },
			},
			{
				params: { id: 2 },
			},
			// and so on
		],
	};
}

Note: Only paths is used by this plugin, fallback is ignored.

Learn more in Next.js documentation.

getStaticProps(context)

Define this function to fetch data and return props object to pass to the component rendering this page.

context

Type: object

Context object which includes params object returned from getStaticPaths for this page.

export async function getStaticProps({ params }) {
	const post = await fetchPostById();

	return {
		props: { post },
	};
}

Learn more in Next.js documentation.

Note: Only props is used by this plugin, other keys supported in the actual getStaticPaths in Next.js are ignored.

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